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Autism and Eating Disorders

Imagine a life where the texture of food feels unbearable, mealtimes create anxiety, and the social parts of eating become overwhelming. For many living with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it is a reality. New research is emerging on the connection showing that Autism has a strong association with eating disorders. Come journey with me to a deeper understanding of this complex relationship with the unique challenges of those on the spectrum and how to support them better. 

 Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 

 Autism is a serious, complex, and lifelong condition that impacts communication and behaviour. It shows up in a spectrum; the symptoms show up by 2 to 3 years old. According to Autism Speaks, signs in adults include: 

  • Difficulty in understanding others’ thoughts or feelings. 
  • High levels of anxiety in social situations. 
  • An inability to make friends  
  • Blunt or coming off as disinterested in speaking with someone—but certainly not on purpose. 
  • Difficulty with verbal and nonverbal expression of emotions. 
  • Accepting things at face value means a very literal understanding. 
  • Rely on consistent routines. 

The prevalence of Autism has been on the rise over the years. This increase has been attributed to higher diagnostic capabilities and increased awareness and might be an actual increase. 

Eating Disorders 

Eating disorders are severe mental health conditions identified by disruptive or disturbed eating habits that have retaining effects on physical health, mental well-being, and ability to function in critical areas of daily life. Examples include: 

  • Anorexia Nervosa:  Self-starvation along with a fear of becoming fat 
  • Bulimia Nervosa: Binge eating followed by compensatory behaviour, like self-induced vomiting or the use of laxatives 
  • Binge eating disorder: Consuming a massive amount of food. 

Eating disorders are a significant global health concern, and millions suffer worldwide. It is estimated that 70 million suffer from eating disorders worldwide. This is a scary rate and, therefore, an urgent process that needs a critical understanding or addressing of eating disorders, especially in those living with ASD. 

 

 The Relationship Between Autism and Eating Disorders 

 Studies show a higher prevalence of eating disorders in Autism. Nearly 70% of the children with Autism show ‘atypical’ eating behaviours compared to only 5% of the non-autistic population. 50% of the adult population with anorexia is either autistic or has more heightened autistic characteristics. Possible explanations for this are:  

  • Sensory sensitivity towards texture 
  • tastes and smells of the foods.  
  • Rigid and repetitive behaviour causes poor food choices. 
  • Social and communication challenges make mealtimes stressful. 

Common eating disorders in individuals with ASD include Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), pica, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.  

Early detection and treatment of eating disorders among people with ASD is so essential. A proactive approach can prevent severe physical and mental health challenges, improve adverse behavioural outcomes, and increase the overall quality of life. Therapies that have worked previously include behavioural therapies, nutritional counselling, family-based interventions, and medications if required.  

  • Behavioural interventions are core to treatment and include ABA, CBT, and exposure therapy to manage food habits and reduce food selectivity.  
  • Nutritional counselling, education, individualised meal plans, and regular monitoring are essential to a balanced diet. 
  • Family-based interventions may involve family therapy, parent training sessions, and intervention in inclusive meal planning that supports successful eating.  
  • There can be medication like SSRIs and antipsychotics for the management of co-occurring conditions and extreme symptoms. 

 

Support and Resources 

Carers and families have a massive role in supporting individuals with ASD and eating disorders. This would mean creating a positive environment for eating, ensuring that it is free of stress, sticking to mealtime routines, and introducing new foods progressively with positive reinforcement to gain acceptance on the part of the individual. Engage the individual in cooking/meal preparation with dietitian guidance to achieve a balanced diet. Education is critical to understanding how to be present as much as possible to those we love. Autismspeaks.org, NIDA, the Autism Society, online communities on Reddit in their r/autism and Wrong Planet share experiences.

There’s a good read, “Eating for Autism,” by Elizabeth Strickland, and another work, “Helping Your Child with Extreme Picky Eating,” by Katja Rowell and Jenny McGlothlin. Some other resources regarding reading and real-world advice would be the websites of the Autism Research Institute and the Child Mind Institute.

 Call to Action 

Please share your experiences or ask questions in the comments below to build a support-filled community. This blog should be in the media to create an understanding of the problems and treatment of eating disorders in people with ASD. For professional help and supportive services, communicate with 

  • Autism Speaks ([autismspeaks.org](https://www.autismspeaks.org/) 
  • the National Eating Disorders Association NCFED([nationaleatingdisorders.org](https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/)),  
  • Autism Society ([autism-society. org](https://www.autism-society.org/)). 

Doing this will circulate your word, bringing knowledge and support to those living with these conditions.

Therapy available
Services are available in Canterbury, Kent, for those seeking therapy support. I offer online sessions to accommodate various needs. To book a free informal chat, please visit the booking link. https://counsellorwhocares.selectandbook.com

Taking the first steps towards understanding and managing these conditions can make a significant difference. I look forward to meeting you.